Betula luminifera seeds were found to have an orthodox seed storage behavior, but showed shorter longevity (less than 3 months) when stored in unsealed containers at ambient temperatures. In order to sow the seeds in the next spring, the effects of different maternal families (large size: No. 3, medium size: No. 20, small size: No. 22), seed moisture content (MC: 9.1%, 5.0-6.0%, and 3.5%) and storage temperatures (room temperature (RT), 15°C and 5°C) on seed longevity were investigated. The results showed that of 3 maternal families, seed lot from family No. 3 had the shortest storability either at RT or 15°C, while the other two families expressed the similar storability both at RT and 15°C. A significant difference in both seed longevity and half-life period was observed among 3 maternal families (p < 0.01). Within the MC ranges studied at RT, the seed lots with 3.5% demonstrated better storability than the seed lots with 5.0-6.0% and 9.1%, and the half-life period of seeds with either 9.1% or 5.0-6.0% was 13-14 months, while high seed germination of all MC treatments was maintained throughout storage period at 0-5°C and 15°C. The results suggested that seeds of medium and small size have longer longevity. The best conditions to keep seed viability in practice is to hermetically store the seeds with 9-10% MC at 15°C for 2 years. Alternatively, 3.5% MC combined with hermetic storage at a range of temperatures (from 0°C to RT) can be used for medium-term storage.