Cymbidium sinense (Andrews) Willd. has significant ornamental value, but its low rhizome proliferation and differentiation efficiency severely limit industrial development. To establish an efficient in vitro propagation system, the effects of various organic additives and plant growth regulators on rhizome proliferation, bud differentiation, and rooting were investigated. During rhizome proliferation, the combination of 50.0 g l^-¹ solid coconut endosperm and 1.0 μmol l^-¹ 24-epibrassinolide was optimal, producing an average of 8.2 rhizomes. At the stage of rhizome differentiation into buds, the combination of 100.0 g l^-¹ banana puree and 2.0 μmol l^-¹ paclobutrazol yielded the highest number of adventitious buds, with an average of 3.2 buds. At the rooting stage, considering overall rooting quality and transplant readiness, 10.0 g l^-¹ potato puree produced the best results, with a rooting rate of 95.0%, an average root number of 3.2, and a root length of 2.1 cm.